Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) is an open standard that specifies the 'style' of a map, the colors and thickness of lines and what it looks like at various zoom levels and all. Many WMS's support SLD, which allows a user to pass their SLD file, _their_ definition of what the map should look like, and let the server render it.
In many ways this is the next step in the evolution of truly allowing users control of their mapping environments - you don't have to see things as Google decided, you can have a basemap that emphasizes different aspects of the data by portraying with different visuals.
It would be awesome if openlayers supported this. Even just basics, letting a user make roads thicker or change the colors. But advanced functionality would be great, as a choice for how people actually create their map. They could load up boring looking layers, and then openlayers could make it look quite nice. Ideally would play well with min/maxScaleDenominator, part of the SLD spec, so that each zoom level would have it's own style. This could make for a cool open source type movement around styling of maps, in addition to actually modifying the data. Good SLD's could be passed around, modified for different base datasets. Even further it could use filters to really dig in to the data (make the color of the map related to the number of unemployed divided by total number of people - so percentage of unemployed), and even do theming (divide in to quantiles).
Perhaps someday we'll take a crack at it, it's non-trivial to do this, but euzuro wanted me to stick it in track